Hydrocarbon-based fracturing fluids are used to stimulate water-sensitive formations. These formations contain a high percentage of clays that may migrate or swell in the presence of water or brine. Hydrocarbon-based fluids do not adversely affect formation clays and are considered non-damaging in that regard.

Gelling Agents

HGA-37 - Phosphate ester based gelling agent for diesel, kerosene or crude. Used with HGA-44 or HGA-48 activators. Gelled hydrocarbons are stable to 250°F (121°C). Usual concentration range is 5 to10 gal/1,000 gal of hydrocarbon (5to10 L/m3).

HGA-70 - Concentrated phosphate ester based gelling agent for diesel, kerosene or crude oils stable over 300°F (149°C). Most active gelling agent manufactured by Weatherford and is used with HGA-48, HGA-61, HGA-S61, or HGA-65 activators. Usual concentration range is 3 to10 gal/1,000 gal of hydrocarbon (3 to 10 L/m3).

HGA-702 - Highly active phosphate ester based gelling agent for diesel fuel, kerosene, aromatic and aliphatic solvents or crude oils for temperatures up to 300°F (149°C). Low freeze point of -30°F (-34°C). Used with HGA-48, HGA-61, HGA-S61, or HGA-65 activators. Usual concentration range is 3 to 10 gal/1,000 gal of hydrocarbon (3 to 10 L/m3).

Activators / Cross-Linkers

HGA-44 - Organo-metallic complex cross-linker that rapidly releases its metal hydroxide for cross-linking HGA-37 up to 250°F (121°C). Usual concentration range is 5 to 10 gal/1,000 gal of hydrocarbon (5 to 10 L/m3).

HGA-48 - Organo-metallic complex that functions as a cross-linker for hydrocarbon-based fracturing fluids. Used with HGA-37, HGA-70, or HGA-702 depending on the type of hydrocarbon. Temperature range is over 300°F (149°C). Usual concentration range is 5 to 10 gal/1,000 gal of hydrocarbon (5 to 10 L/m3).

HGA-55SE - Organo-metallic complex blend used to create stable diesel, kerosene, or crude oil based gels over 300°F (149°C). Used with HGA-70, HGA-71, or HGA-702 to provide a delayed cross-link over 4 minutes. Usual concentration range is 5 to 10 gal/1,000 gal of hydrocarbon (5 to 10 L/m3).

HGA-61 - Organo-metallic complex used to create stable diesel, kerosene, or crude oil based gels over 300°F (149°C). Provides a delayed cross-link. Usual concentration range is 5 to 10 gal/1,000 gal of hydrocarbon (5 to 10 L/m3).

HGA-S61 - Organo-metallic complex that provides a rapid, almost immediate, cross-link for gelled hydrocarbon fluids. Provides stable, high viscosity gels over 300˚F (149˚C). Usual concentration range is 5 to 10 gal/1,000 gal of hydrocarbon (5 to 10 L/m3).

HGA-65 - Organo-metallic complex used to create stable diesel, kerosene or oil based gels over 300˚F (149˚C). Provides a rapid cross-link to allow for “on the fly” mixing. Used with HGA-70, HGA-71, or HGA-702. Usual concentration range is 3 to 10 gal/1,000 gal of hydrocarbon (3 to 10 L/m3).

Breakers

CWI-5466 - Powdered magnesium compound that provides a pH change to break hydrocarbon gels. Effective temperature range from 40 to 300°F (4 to 149°C). Usual concentrations range from 1 to 3 lb/1,000 gal (0.12 to 0.36 kg/m3).

pH Breaker 1 - Alkaline pH control powder that provides a strong shift in pH to break hydrocarbon gels. Also provides good fluid loss control properties. Concentrations range from 10 to 100 lb/1,000 gal (1.2 to 12 kg/m3).

pH Breaker 3 - White, free flowing powder used to break hydrocarbon gels and prevent gel re-healing as temperature decreases. Effective at high temperatures and also provides good fluid loss control properties. Concentrations range from 10 to 100 lb/1,000 gal (1.2 to 12 kg/m³).

OMS - Proprietary oil-based slurry for use as a breaker in hydrocarbon gels. Less concentrated, at 35% active, than OMS-1 to enable easier usage in the field. Effective temperature range from 40 to 300°F (4 to 149°C). Usual concentrations vary from 0.5 to 2.0 gal/1,000 gal (0.5 to 2.0 L/m³).

OMS-1 - Proprietary, highly concentrated (70% active) oil-based slurry used to break hydrocarbon gels. Effective temperature range from 40 to 300°F (4 to 149°C). Usual concentrations vary from 0.25 to 1.0 gal/1,000 gal (0.25 to 1.0 L/m³).

OMS-2.5 - Modified magnesium compound in powder form for use as a breaker for hydrocarbon gel treatments. Especially effective at temperatures above 100°C (212°F) to yield consistent and efficient breaks, while extending the gel’s stability. Usual concentrations range from 1 to 3 lb/1,000 gal (0.12 to 0.36 kg/m3).


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